Post Operational Complications
sehat selalu -Surgery is a medical procedure that is often recommended by doctors to reduce or eliminate patient complaints and symptoms. While the surgeon's specialty is treating diseases and disorders by cutting, removing, or replacing body parts with surgical procedures that open the body to be treated, But this definition is slowly changing because the new surgical procedure does not require opening the body.
It is not uncommon for some of us to be afraid to
undergo surgery because of various considerations ranging from costs, embarrassment,
and horror at the thought of surgery, even to the fear of complications that
will occur.
Post-Operational Complications
In general, complications after surgery cannot be
avoided by any medical action, including even minor medical procedures such as
taking blood or administering an infusion by medical personnel.
However, you don't need to overdo it because every
medical action and procedure, including a loss or surgery, will definitely
consider the advantages and disadvantages before being recommended by a doctor.
In this article, we will discuss some of the
complications that may arise after surgery or medication, ranging from mild to
severe, such as death. Here's the presentation:
1. fever
Fever is the body's defense system and is not a disease.
With a fever, we can know that a person's immune system can still work well.
Postoperative fever is common in many cases, and body temperatures range from
high to low.
Mild fever after surgery is common in the first week of
recovery. This condition is the body's way of fighting any potential infections
that may exist from previous surgical procedures.
2. discomfort in the mouth and throat
Patients who have undergone surgery sometimes complain
of discomfort or a dry feeling in their mouth or throat. This can occur due to
the administration of anesthetic drugs or anesthetic equipment during the
operation.
For major operations, the procedure of anesthesia
(anesthesia) is also unusual.Typically, the patient will be sedated prior to
surgery.
first with anesthetic drugs, but to keep the airway
safe during surgery, usually the anesthetist will insert a special tool up the
throat to secure the patient's airway from the possibility of aspiration (fluid
entering the airway) from the digestive tract.
These postoperative complications will usually go away
within a day or two, or maybe a few days longer if the breathing tube is left
in place after the surgical procedure for a longer period of time.
3. Wounds after surgery
Another possible complication is a postoperative wound
that doesn't heal, such as a wound that is wet, oozes continuously, and doesn't
dry out.
In general, every human being still has a good immune
system and the body's ability to heal wounds.
Postoperative wounds that don't heal can be caused by
many factors, ranging from a lack of cleanliness in the area around the wound
to not following the doctor's recommendations to control the wound to an
unhealthy diet in patients who have a low immune system (such as in patients
who are taking immunosuppressant drugs and steroids or patients with autoimmune
diseases); all of that can cause the healing process to take a long time.
In some cases, in addition to a lengthy postoperative
wound healing period,The process of healing postoperative wounds can sometimes
also result in the formation of scar tissue, which sometimes extends beyond the
surgical incision wound. This type of scar tissue is known as a keloid.
4. longer recovery time
It has been mentioned before that every operation or
surgery is intended to reduce and eliminate the source of the problem that is
the patient's complaint. However, the recovery time for postoperative patients
varies greatly.
For relatively mild-moderate surgeries without
complications after surgery, the postoperative recovery time will be shorter
and faster than for severe operations with complications.
The recovery time for each patient also varies
depending on several factors that influence it. Here are some factors that can
influence it:
• Immune
System. Patients with a weakened immune system, such as those who are taking
immunosuppressant drugs or steroids and those with autoimmune diseases, usually
have a longer recovery time.
• Past
medical history For patients who previously had serious illnesses prior to
surgery, the recovery time will usually gradually take longer or even worsen.
• Age.
For patients who are infants (1 year) and elderly (> 65 years), before
surgery they will usually consider the advantages and disadvantages because,
for this age ratio, the recovery time will usually be longer.
• Radiotherapy.
For post-surgery patients with malignant tumors (cancer) who receive radiation
therapy, usually the recovery time will be longer because of the effect
radiation therapy has on their immune system.
• Habits.
Habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol, or eating an unhealthy diet also
affected his recovery time after surgery.
• Malnutrition.
Malnourished patients also have a much longer recovery time.
5. discomfort when urinating
Because the patient will be fitted with a urinary tube
(catheter) during the procedure, postoperative complications such as difficulty
urinating (BAK) or constipation are common.And this feeling of discomfort will
usually go away on its own within one to two days after surgery.
6. Discomfort for defecation
Apart from being uncomfortable for BAK, for patients
who have problems in the digestive and rectal areas, such as patients with
severe hemorrhoids (degree IV), sometimes after surgery patients are reluctant
to defecate because they are afraid. This is usually because the patient is
still traumatized (fearful) due to the pain caused by the previous hemorrhoids.
7. Depression
In certain cases, postoperative complications can also
lead to depression. This is most common in patients who have had amputations or
cancer surgically removed.
Postoperative amputation patients will usually feel
sad, ashamed, and depressed because they have lost one of their limbs. so that
an approach through family members, friends, or relatives can greatly assist
the patient's recovery process.
Similarly, cancer patients usually believe that their
disease cannot be cured, so they are always sad, depressed, and have no zest
for life.So counseling for these patients is very important to provide.
8. Bleeding
Although rare, postoperative bleeding is still
possible, and this can be caused by many factors. A person's ability to stop
the wound also varies.
Usually, before carrying out an operation, the doctor
will order several blood laboratory tests, one of which is to assess the
patient's blood clotting ability. The purpose of this examination is to prevent
complications that may occur after surgery.
9. Infection
Another less desirable postoperative complication is
infection. Postoperative infections can get worse, especially for patients with
a low immune condition or patients with previous severe infections.
Infection prevention after surgery is critical and can
be accomplished with antibiotics.Antibiotics are usually prescribed after
surgery with severe complications or with a previous infection.
Identifying signs and symptoms of infection early can
help speed up recovery, as infection will slow or even stop the healing
process.
10. Death
The most feared complication is death. The risk of
death cannot be excluded from the operation process, either before, during, or
after surgery.
This complication is not necessarily the result of an
error in the operating procedure. During the operation, many things can affect
and worsen the patient's condition.
Those are some postoperative complications that may
occur. However, keep in mind that not every complication after surgery has to
be present, as many other factors influence when these complications occur.
And, if the patient and the patient's family are interested, the doctor will
definitely weigh the benefits and drawbacks, as well as provide information on
the possibilities that may arise during and after surgery.
Jempol
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